Historical and Cultural Influences on Establishing Professional Legitimacy: A Case Example From Lionel Logue
Publication: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
Volume 21, Number 4
Pages 387-396
Abstract
Purpose
In the film The King’s Speech, the credibility of the king’s speech clinician, Lionel Logue, is challenged. This article examines Logue’s credentials in light of the credentialing standards and attitudes of Logue’s time as well as those affecting today’s practices. The aim is to show how standards of legitimacy change with the times.
Method
Documents related to clinical qualifications and clinical practices are analyzed for the period in the early 20th century, when Logue practiced. They are then compared with how clinicians of today attain professional legitimacy.
Conclusion
Early 20th century clinicians drew their credibility from their home disciplines such as medicine, phonetics, elocution, and education. Some of their therapies originated in the home discipline. Other therapies were commonly used, regardless of one’s disciplinary background. Lionel Logue’s background and methods would not have been suspect in his time. He may have been faulted by some for his lack of scientific perspective, but another likely source for the challenges to his credibility were early 20th century British social biases against Australians and against those using Australian dialects. The comparative analysis revealed that early 20th century clinicians and clinicians of today have certain clinical practices in common, but they differ considerably in how they establish their legitimacy. This indicates that judgments about a clinician’s legitimacy are both historically and culturally determined.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Aheam, V. (2010). Lionel Logue’s grandson loves “King’s Speech.”. The Canadian Press. Retrieved from http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/celebs/article.aspx?cp-documentid=26880627
Anonymous. (1919, July 4). The dumb speak: Successful cures in Perth. Deliverance for afflicted soldiers. The West Australian. Perth, Australia.
Appelt, A. (1911). The real cause for stammering and its permanent cure: A treatise on psycho-analytical lines. Retrieved from. www.archive.org/stream/realcauseofstamm00apperich/realcauseofstamm00apperich_djvu.txt
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1983). Social dialects [Position statement]. Available from www.asha.org/policy
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1994). Facilitated communication [Technical report]. Available from www.asha.org/policy
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2010). Code of ethics [ethics]. Available from www.asha.org/policy
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2011). Compendium of EBP guidelines and systematic reviews. Retrieved from www.asha.org/members/ebp/compendium/
Barrows, S. T., & Mills, A. (1926). Voice and articulation. Iowa City, IA: State University of Iowa.
Bernthal, J. (2007, May 29). Looking back and to the future of professional education in speech-language pathology. The ASHA Leader. Retrieved from www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2007/070529/070529c.htm
Blanton, S. (1922). Treatment of stutterers. American Annals of the Deaf, 67, 371–385.
Blanton, S. (1924). A workable bibliography for the beginner in speech correction. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 10, 37–41.
Bloodstein, O. (2006). Research in stuttering at the University of Iowa circa 1939. In Goldfarb, R. (Ed.), Ethics: A case study from fluency (pp. 27–34). San Diego, CA: Plural.
Bogue, B. (1922). Stammering, its cause and cure. Retrieved from www.wattpad.com/8499-stammering-its-cause-and-cure
Bongiorno, F. (2011, March 28). The elusive Mr. Logue. Inside Story. Retrieved from http://inside.org.au/the-elusive-mr-logue/
Bothe, A. (2008). Evidence-based practice in stuttering treatment: An introduction. In Bothe, A. (Ed.), Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: Empirical bases and clinical applications (pp. 3–16). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bowen, C. (2002). Lionel Logue: Pioneer speech therapist. Retrieved from http://speech-language-therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:lionel&catid=11:admin&Itemid=101
Bowen, C. (2009). Children’s speech sound disorders. New York, NY: Wiley.
Bowen, C. (2011, February 15). Lionel Logue: A pioneer in speech-language pathology. The ASHA Leader. Available from www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2011/110215/Lionel-Logue–A-Pioneer-in-Speech-Language-Pathology.htm
Brown, B. (1971). Speak for yourself: The life of a speech therapist. Reading, United Kingdom: Educational Explorers.
Butler, G. (1999). Overcoming social anxiety and shyness. A self-help guide using cognitive behavioral techniques. London, England: Robinson.
Clark, R. (1964). Our enterprising predecessors and Charles Sydney Bluemel. ASHA Magazine. Retrieved from www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/pioneers/clark/clark.html
Cooper, J. (1984). The profession of speech pathology and audiology in the United Kingdom. Human Communication, 8, 492–499.
Damousi, J. (2007). “The Australian has a lazy way of talking”: Australian character and accent 1920s–1940s. In Damousi, J., & Deacon, D. (Eds.), Talking and listening in the age of modernity: Essays on the history of sound (pp. 83–96). Canberra, Australia: The Australian National University E PressRetrieved from http://epress.anu.edu.au/tal/pdf_instructions.html
Damousi, J. (2010). Colonial voices: A cultural history of English in Australia, 1840–1940. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Danzinger, K. (1990). Constructing the subject: Historical origins of psychological research. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Deacon, D. (2007). World English? How an Australian invented “good American speech.”. In Damousi, J., & Deacon, D. (Eds.), Talking and listening in the age of modernity (pp. 73–82). Brisbane, Australia: Australian National University E pressRetrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=zopCjCimhEsC&pg=PA73&dq=inauthor:%22Desley+Deacon%22&hl=en&ei=eDRqToP6H8PpgQeWt6yPBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
Duchan, J. (2008). Dialectal prescriptivism and diversity in late 19th and early 20th century America. Communicative Disorders Review, 2, 103–112.
Duchan, J. (2010). The early years of language, speech, and hearing services in U.S. schools. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 41, 152–160.
Duchan, J. (2011). The scientific revolution in 19th and early 20th century America. Retrieved from www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~duchan/new_history/hist19c/science.html
Duchan, J. (in press). Professional issues: A view from history. In To appear in Lubinski, R., & Hudson, M. (Eds.), Professions for the 21st century.
Duchan, J., Calculator, S., Sonnenmeier, R., Diehl, S., & Cumley, G. (2001). A framework for managing controversial practices. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 32, 133–141.
Edgar, S. (2000). Logue, Lionel George (1880–1953). In Ritchie, J. (Ed.), Australian dictionary of biography, 15(pp. 1940–1980). Melbourne, Australia: Melbourne University PressRetrieved from http://adb.anu.edu.au/
Eldridge, M. (1968). A history of the treatment of speech disorders. Melbourne, Australia: F. W. Cheshire.
Farndale, N. (2011, January 5). The King’s Speech: The real story. The Telegraph. Retrieved from www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8223897/The-Kings-Speech-the-real-story.html
Finney, G. (1966). Medical theories of vocal exercise and health. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 5, 395–406.
Fletcher, J. (1914). An experimental study of stuttering. American Journal of Psychology, 24, 201–255.
Fletcher, J. (1928). The problem of stuttering: A diagnosis and a plan of treatment. New York, NY: Longmans, Green and Co.
Frattali, C. (Ed.), 1998). Measuring outcomes in speech-language pathology. New York, NY: Thieme.
Freeman, F. (2011). Charles Van Riper: First experience in therapy. Retrieved from http://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/08/charles-vanriper-first-experience-in.html
Freud, S. (1893). Frau Emmy von N: Case histories from studies on hysteria. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Volume II (1893–1895): Studies on hysteria (pp. 48–105). London, United Kingdom: Hogarth.
Fröeschels, E. (1918). Kindersprache und aphasie (Child languageand aphasia). Berlin: Karger(Reprinted in Language development and aphasiain children, pp. 99–227, by R. Rieber, Ed., 1980, New York, NY: Academic Press)
Gesell, A. (1925). The mental growth of the pre-school child: A psychological outline of normal development from birth to the sixth year, including a system of developmental diagnosis. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Goldfarb, R. (Ed.), 2006). Ethics: A case study from fluency. San Diego, CA: Plural.
Guttmann, O. (1884). Gymnastics of the voice for song and speech: Also a method for the cure of stuttering and stammering. New York, NY: Edgar S. Werner.
Gutzmann, H. (1894). Des kindes sprache und sprachfehler [Children’s speech and speech errors]. Leipzig, Germany: Weber.
Howard, D. (1986). Evaluating intervention beyond randomized controlled trials: The case for effective case studies of the effects of treatment in aphasia. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 21, 89–102.
Hunt, L. (2002). Against presentism. Perspectives online. Retrieved from http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/2002/0205/0205pre1.cfm
Hutchinson, N. (2010). Lionel Logue: The king’s mentor. Box Hill South, Victoria, Australia: Author.
Ingham, R., Sato, W., Finn, P., & Belknap, H. (2001). The modification of speech naturalness during rhythmic stimulation treatment of stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 841–852.
Jacobson, E. (1938). Progressive relaxation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Johnson, W., Brown, S., Curtis, J., Edney, C., & Keaster, J. (1948). Speech handicapped schoolchildren. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
Jones, M., Gebski, V., Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (2001). Design of randomized controlled trials: Principles and methods applied to a treatment for early stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26, 247–267.
Kim, A. (2008). Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt. In Zalta, E. (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2008 ed.). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/wilhelm-wundt/
Logue, M., & Conradi, P. (2010). The king’s speech: How one man saved the British monarchy. London, United Kingdom: Quercus.
Malone, R. (1999). The first 75 years: An oral history of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Mattick, R., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behavior Therapy, 20, 3–23.
McCauley, R., Strand, E., Lof, G., Schooling, T., & Frymark, T. (2009). Evidence-based systematic review: Effects of nonspeech oral motor exercises on speech. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18, 343–360.
McCarthy, D. (1930). The language development of the preschool child (Monograph No. 4). Minneapolis, MN: Institute of Child Welfare.
McCarthy, D. (1946). Language development in children. In Carmichael, L. (Ed.), Manual of child psychology (pp. 476–581). New York, NY: Wiley.
McDougall, A. (2006). Reinventing the wheel: Speech pathology and its professional association in Australia. ACQ, 8, 52–59.
Menzies, R. G., O’Brian, S., Onslow, M., Packman, A., St. Clare, T., & Block, S. (2008). An experimental clinical trial of a cognitive-behavior therapy package for chronic stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51, 1451–1464.
Moeller, D. (1976). Speech pathology and audiology: Iowa origins of a discipline. Iowa City, IA: The University of Iowa.
Neilson, M. D. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of adults who stutter: The process and the art. In Curlee, R. (Ed.), Stuttering and related disorders of fluency (2nd ed., pp. 181–199). New York, NY: Thieme.
Orton, S. (1937). Reading, writing, and speech problems in children: A presentation of certain types of disorders in the development of the language faculty. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Palmes, D. (1991). Elsie Fogerty and the mother tongue. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Illinois
Pollard, R., Ellis, J. B., Finan, D., & Ramig, P. R. (2009). Effects of the SpeechEasy on objective and perceived aspects of stuttering: A 6-month, phase I clinical trial in naturalistic environments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 516–533.
Porteus, R. (2011). A reflection on The King’s Speech. Retrieved from http://speech-language-therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=116:reflection&catid=11:admin&Itemid=122
RCSLT Professional Framework. (2011). Code of ethics for the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, UK. Retrieved from www.rcslt.org/members/welcome/CQ3_chapter_1.pdf
Reed, F. (1905). Pen pictures of pleased pupils. Detroit, MI: Author.
Robertson, S. J. (1995). The growth of a profession—the strengthening of a voice. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 30, 5–11. doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.1995.tb01633.x
Robertson, S., Kersner, M., & Davis, S. (1995). A history of the college, 1945–1995. London, United Kingdom: Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.
Scripture, E. (1897). The new psychology. New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Scripture, E. (1902). The elements of experimental phonetics. New York, NY: Scribner and Sons.
Scripture, E. (1906). Researches in experimental phonetics: The study of speech curves. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Scripture, E. W. (1912). Stuttering and lisping. New York, NY: MacmillanRetrieved from www.archive.org/details/stutteringandli00scrigoog
Seidler, D. (2010). Script from The King’s Speech. Retrieved from www.scribd.com/doc/47609148/The-King-s-Speech-Script
Speech Pathology Australia. (2010). Code of ethics. Retrieved from www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/about-spa/code-of-ethics
Stathopoulos, E., & Duchan, J. (2006). History and principles of exercise-based therapy: How they inform our current treatment. Seminars in Speech and Language, 27, 227–235.
Templin, M. (1943). A study of sound discrimination ability of elementary school pupils. Journal of Speech Disorders, 8, 127–132.
Templin, M., & Steer, M. (1939). Studies of growth of speech in preschool children. Journal of Speech Disorders, 4, 71–77The king to his people [Video]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAhFW_auT20
Trajkovski, N., Andrews, C., Onslow, M., O’Brian, S., Packman, A., & Menzies, R. (2011). A phase II trial of the Westmead Program: Syllable-timed speech treatment for pre-school children who stutter. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13, 500–509.
Travis, L. E. (1927). Studies in stuttering: II. Photographic studies of the voice in stuttering. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 18, 998–1014.
Travis, L. E. (1931). Speech pathology: A dynamic neurological treatment of normal speech and speech deviations. New York, NY: D. Appleton.
Van Dantzig, M. (1940). Syllable-tapping: A new method for the help of stammerers. Journal of Speech Disorders, 4, 127–131.
Van Riper, C. (1939). Speech correction: Principles and methods. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.
Van Riper, C. (1981). An early history of ASHA. ASHA Magazine, 23, 855–858Retrieved from www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/vanriper/articles/hx/ashaearlyhx.html
Ward, I. (1923). Defects of speech: Their nature and their cure. London, England: J. M. Dent and Sons.
Weiner, P. (1986). The study of childhood language disorders: Nineteenth century perspectives. Journal of Communication Disorders, 19, 1–47.
Werner, E. (1881). Stutterers beware! The Voice, 3, 125Retrieved from www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~duchan/new_history/hist19c/subpages/stutterersbeware.html
Werner, E. (1889). Talks on stuttering. Werner’s Voice Magazine, 11, 24–25.
West, R. (1959). Speech science in the first half of the 20th century. In Oliver, R. T., & Bauer, M. (Eds.), Reestablishing the speech profession: The first 50 years (pp. 24–28). Mineola, NY: Speech Association of the Eastern United States.
West, R., Kennedy, L., & Carr, A. (1937). The rehabilitation of speech: A textbook of diagnostic and corrective procedures. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
Wilkins, J. (1952). Speech therapy in Great Britain. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 38, 414–422.
Willis, G. (1919). The philosophy of speech. New York, NY: MacmillanRetrieved from www.archive.org/details/cu31924026442198
Ziegler, P. (2002, April 1). The woman whose charm and determination revived the popularity of the monarchy. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved from www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1389447/The-woman-whose-charm-and-determination-revived-the-popularity-of-the-monarchy.html
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
History
- Received: Sep 9, 2011
- Revised: Feb 10, 2012
- Accepted: Apr 2, 2012
- Published in issue: Nov 1, 2012
Key Words
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Article Metrics
View all metricsCitations
Download article citation data for:
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.
Citing Literature
- Jois Stansfield, Talking points: Oral histories of Australian and British speech-language pathologists who qualified in the three decades after 1945, International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 10.1080/17549507.2022.2032345, 24, 6, (573-584), (2022).
- Betty Yu, Laura Sterponi, Toward Neurodiversity: How Conversation Analysis Can Contribute to a New Approach to Social Communication Assessment, Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 10.1044/2022_LSHSS-22-00041, 54, 1, (27-41), (2022).
- Betty Yu, Laura Epstein, Vivian Tisi, A DisCrit-Informed Critique of the Difference vs. Disorder Approach in Speech-Language Pathology, Critical Perspectives on Social Justice in Speech-Language Pathology, 10.4018/978-1-7998-7134-7.ch006, (105-128), (2021).
- Katrin Neumann, Harald A. Euler, Rebekka Zens, Bernhard Piskernik, Ann Packman, Kenneth O. St. Louis, Christian A. Kell, Ofer Amir, Michael Blomgren, Véronique Aumont Boucand, Kurt Eggers, Steen Fibiger, Audrey Fourches, Marie-Christine J.P. Franken, Patrick Finn, "Spontaneous" late recovery from stuttering: Dimensions of reported techniques and causal attributions, Journal of Communication Disorders, 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.105915, 81, (105915), (2019).
View Options
Sign In Options
ASHA member? If so, log in with your ASHA website credentials for full access.
Member Login