A Preliminary Investigation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Characteristics in Adults Who Stutter
Publication: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Volume 64, Number 3
Pages 839-853
Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies have shown that many children who stutter may have elevated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although childhood ADHD commonly persists into adulthood, it is unclear how many adults who stutter experience aspects of ADHD (e.g., inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity). This study sought to increase understanding of how ADHD characteristics might affect individuals who stutter by evaluating (a) whether elevated ADHD characteristics are common in adults who stutter, (b) whether elevated ADHD characteristics in adults who stutter were significantly associated with greater adverse impact related to stuttering, and (c) whether individual differences in Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) and Effortful Control influenced this relationship.
Method
Two hundred fifty-four adults who stutter completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, the Adult Temperament Questionnaire short form, and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed via multiple linear regression to determine whether the number of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity characteristics was significantly associated with RNT, Effortful Control, or Adverse Impact related to stuttering.
Results
Almost one quarter of participants (23.2%; 60/254) self-reported experiencing six or more inattention characteristics, while fewer participants (8.3%; 21/254) self-reported experiencing six or more hyperactivity/impulsivity characteristics. Participants with lower Effortful Control and higher levels of both RNT and Adverse Impact were significantly more likely to self-report experiencing more inattention characteristics.
Discussion
Many adults who stutter may exhibit previously unaccounted for characteristics of ADHD, especially inattention. Results highlight the value of continued research on the intersectionality of stuttering, ADHD, and attention, and the importance of individualizing therapy to the needs of each unique person who stutters.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Volume 64 • Number 3 • March 2021
Pages: 839-853
PubMed: 33647218
Copyright
Copyright © 2021 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
History
- Received: May 8, 2020
- Revised: Oct 10, 2020
- Accepted: Dec 7, 2020
- Published online: Mar 1, 2021
- Published in issue: Mar 17, 2021
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- Seth E. Tichenor, Bridget Walsh, Katelyn L. Gerwin, J. Scott Yaruss, Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Mechanism of Stuttering Anticipation, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00175, 68, 05, (2236-2258), (2025).
- Max Gattie, Elena Lieven, Karolina Kluk, Adult stuttering prevalence I: Systematic review and identification of stuttering in large populations, Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106085, 83, (106085), (2025).
- Andrew Bowers, Daniel Hudock, Reduced resting-state periodic beta power in adults who stutter is related to sensorimotor control of speech execution, Cortex, 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.016, 181, (74-92), (2024).
- Sandra Merlo, Patrick M. Briley, Allergies, asthma, and sleep problems in adults who stutter, Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106063, 81, (106063), (2024).
- Seth E. Tichenor, Scott Palasik, J. Scott Yaruss, Understanding the Broader Impact of Stuttering: Suicidal Ideation, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 10.1044/2023_AJSLP-23-00007, 32, 5, (2087-2110), (2023).
- Lesley Wolk, Lisa LaSalle, T-PALS framework to assess children who stutter with coexisting disorders: A tutorial, Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.105974, 76, (105974), (2023).
- Fiona Höbler, Tali Bitan, Luc Tremblay, Luc De Nil, Explicit benefits: Motor sequence acquisition and short-term retention in adults who do and do not stutter, Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.105959, 75, (105959), (2023).
- Seth E. Tichenor, Amanda Hampton Wray, Susan M. Ravizza, J. Scott Yaruss, Individual differences in attentional control predict working memory capacity in adults who stutter, Journal of Communication Disorders, 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106273, 100, (106273), (2022).
- Sandra Merlo, Molly M. Jacobs, Patrick M. Briley, Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young Adults Who Stutter, Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-00040, 7, 5, (1391-1404), (2022).
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