Pixel-Based Swallow Measurements: Correcting Nonsquare Pixels
Publication: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Volume 66, Number 2
Pages 565-572
Abstract
Purpose:
This research note illustrates the effects of video data with nonsquare pixels on the pixel-based measures obtained from videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS).
Method:
Six pixel-based distance and area measures were obtained from two different videoflouroscopic study units; both yielding videos with nonsquare pixels with different pixel aspect ratios (PARs). The swallowing measures were obtained from the original VFSS videos and from the videos after their pixels were squared.
Results:
The results demonstrated significant multivariate effects both in video type (original vs. squared) and in the interaction between video type and sample (two video recordings of different patients, different PARs, and opposing tilt angles of the external reference). A wide range of variabilities was observed on the pixel-based measures between original and squared videos with the percent deviation ranging from 0.1% to 9.1% with the maximum effect size of 7.43.
Conclusions:
This research note demonstrates the effect of disregarding PAR to distance and area pixel-based parameters. In addition, we present a multilevel roadmap to prevent possible measurement errors that could occur. At the planning stage, the PAR of video source should be identified, and, at the analyses stage, video data should be prescaled prior to analysis with PAR-unaware software. No methodology in prior absolute or relative pixel-based studies reports adjustment to the PAR prior to measurements nor identify the PAR as a possible source of variation within the literature. Addressing PAR will improve the precision and stability of pixel-based VFSS findings and improve comparability within and across clinical and research settings.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Volume 66 • Number 2 • 13 February 2023
Pages: 565-572
PubMed: 36716396
Copyright
Copyright © 2023 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
History
- Received: May 26, 2022
- Revised: Jul 30, 2022
- Accepted: Nov 2, 2022
- Published online: Jan 30, 2023
- Published in issue: Feb 13, 2023
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Citing Literature
- Sonja M. Molfenter, Rebecca Brynn Jones-Rastelli, Matina Balou, Radiographic Magnification on Videofluoroscopy: An Important Variable to Consider for Scaled Analyses of Swallowing, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00430, 67, 1, (126-131), (2023).
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