No access
SIG 14 Cultural and Linguistic Diversity
Research Article
9 May 2025

Assessing Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Student Clinicians' Services With Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Clients

Publication: Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups
Newly Published
Pages 1-12

Abstract

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences and knowledge of speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians in relation to service delivery to culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) clients in clinical practicum.

Method:

A survey was administered to 125 speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians enrolled in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) graduate programs throughout the United States.

Results:

Overall, speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians were not confident in providing services to CLD clients, which was significantly correlated with their linguistic background, general clinical experience, and specific clinical experience with the CLD population. Among the various assessment and treatment procedures, speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians most frequently used informal assessment procedures and CLD-appropriate therapeutic materials. The lack of appropriate formal tests and available professionals for consultation were the biggest barriers for speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians in serving CLD clients. They also sought to improve their services for CLD clients by utilizing professional resources such as online webinars.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that graduate student clinicians in speech-language pathology generally require additional practical training to effectively serve clients from CLD backgrounds. Enhancements in curriculum design and resource availability are necessary to equip these students with better service to the CLD population. Recommendations for addressing this issue are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Alfano, A. R., Medina, A. M., & Moore, S. (2021). Preparing culturally and linguistically diverse students to work with culturally and linguistically diverse populations: A program design and student outcomes study. Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders, 5(3), Article 2.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2022). 2021 demographic profile of ASHA members providing multilingual services. https://www.asha.org/siteassets/surveys/demographic-profile-bilingual-spanish-service-members.pdf [PDF]
Babatsouli, E. (2021). Diversity considerations in speech and language disorders. In J. S. Damico, N. Müller, & M. J. Ball (Eds.), The handbook of language and speech disorders (pp. 33–52). Wiley.
Bellon-Harn, M., & Weinbaum, R. (2017). Speech, language, and hearing careers: Recruiting students from diverse populations. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 2(10), 4–13.
Brandel, J. (2021). SLP service delivery decisions: How are they made? Communication Disorders Quarterly, 43(1), 3–14.
Buac, M., & Jarzynski, R. (2022). Providing culturally and linguistically responsive language assessment services for multilingual children with developmental language disorder: A scoping review. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 9(4), 204–212.
Cao, X., & Yan, R. (2024). Diagnostic accuracy of current assessment measures for developmental language disorders in bilingual children. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders, 15(1), 66–98.
Castilla-Earls, A., Bedore, L., Rojas, R., Fabiano-Smith, L., Pruitt-Lord, S., Restrepo, M., & Pena, E. (2020). Beyond scores: Using converging evidence to determine speech and language services eligibility for dual language learners. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 29(3), 1116–1132.
Centeno, J. G. (2015). Assessing services with communicatively impaired bilingual adults in culturally and linguistically diverse neurorehabilitation programs. Journal of Communication Disorders, 58, 58–73.
Edwards, C. M., & Newell, J. M. (2022). Implementing interprofessional education: Challenges for CSD graduate programs. Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders, 6(1), Article 6.
Freeman, M. R., & Schroeder, S. R. (2022). Assessing language skills in bilingual children: Current trends in research and practice. Journal of Child Science, 12(01), e33–e46.
Hammond, C., Mitchell, P., & Johnson, M. (2009). Academic and clinical preparation for cultural and linguistic diversity in speech-language pathology: Program director perspectives. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 36(Spring), 63–76.
Harbaugh, E. M. (2015). Communication sciences and disorders (CSD) graduate students' preparedness to work with individuals who are bilingual [Undergraduate thesis, University of Mississippi]. eGrove. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/285
Higby, E., Castillo, M. M., Aranda, A., Nicholas, K., & Datta, H. (2024). Pedagogical approaches to cultural and linguistic diversity in communication sciences and disorders programs: A nationwide survey. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 33(4), 1831–1853.
Huang, A. J. R., Siyambalapitiya, S., & Cornwell, P. (2019). Speech pathologists and professional interpreters managing culturally and linguistically diverse adults with communication disorders: A systematic review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 54(5), 689–704.
Karem, R. W., & Washington, K. N. (2021). The cultural and diagnostic appropriateness of standardized assessments for dual language learners: A focus on Jamaican preschoolers. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 52(3), 807–826.
Kwon, H. R., & Hwang, S. S. (2021). Speech-language pathologists' training, perception, and confidence on serving culturally and linguistically diverse children. Journal of Speech-Language & Hearing Disorders, 30(4), 115–128.
Langdon, H. W., & Saenz, T. I. (Eds.). (2016). Working with interpreters and translators: A guide for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Plural.
Liao, C.-Y., Ganz, J. B., Vannest, K. J., Wattanawongwan, S., Pierson, L. M., Yllades, V., & Li, Y.-F. (2023). Caregiver involvement in communication intervention for culturally and linguistically diverse families with individuals with ASD and IDD: A systematic review of cross-cultural research. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10(2), 239–254.
Marquina, A. (2018). Speech-langauge pathology graduate student perspectives on clinical and academic preparation for working with linguistically diverse child populations [Master's thesis, Indiana University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2088490010/abstract/80DFBD6F5A1A4557PQ/1
Maul, C. A. (2015). Working with culturally and linguistically diverse students and their families: Perceptions and practices of school speech-language therapists in the United States. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 50(6), 750–762.
Nair, K. K. V., Clark, G. T., Siyambalapitiya, S., & Reuterskiöld, C. (2022). Language intervention in bilingual children with developmental language disorder: A systematic review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 58(2), 576–600.
Narayanan, T. L., & Ramsdell, H. L. (2022). Self-reported confidence and knowledge-based differences between multilingual and monolingual speech-language pathologists when serving culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 7(1), 209–228.
Nelson, L. K., & Gilbert, J. L. (2021). Research in communication sciences and disorders: Methods for systematic inquiry (4th ed.). Plural.
O'Fallon, M. K., & Garcia, F. (2023). Using active learning strategies to strengthen cultural and linguistic diversity training in communication sciences and disorders programs. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 8(2), 308–321.
Parveen, S., & Santhanam, S. P. (2021). Speech-language pathologists' perceived competence in working with culturally and linguistically diverse clients in the United States. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 42(3), 166–176.
Plexico, L., Plumb, A., & Phillips, D. (2017). Speech-language pathology student anxiety, expectations, and needs during clinical practicum. Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders, 1(2), Article 2.
Richburg, C. M. (2022). Underrepresentation of students from diverse backgrounds entering communication sciences and disorders programs: An investigation into the university student perspective. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 31(2), 613–630.
Santhanam, S. P., & Parveen, S. (2018). Serving culturally and linguistically diverse clients: A review of changing trends in speech-language pathologists' self-efficacy and implications for stakeholders. Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders, 3(3), 165–177.
Teoh, W. Q., Brebner, C., & McAllister, S. (2018). Bilingual assessment practices: Challenges faced by speech-language pathologists working with a predominantly bilingual population. Speech, Language and Hearing, 21(1), 10–21.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2022). The chance that two people chosen at random are of different race or ethnicity groups has increased since 2010. Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html
Verdon, S., McLeod, S., & Wong, S. (2015). Reconceptualizing practice with multilingual children with speech sound disorders: People, practicalities and policy. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 50(1), 48–62.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups
Newly Published
Pages: 1-12

History

  • Received: Sep 19, 2024
  • Revised: Jan 30, 2025
  • Accepted: Feb 19, 2025
  • Published online: May 9, 2025

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Xueao Cao
Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, and Writing – original draft.
Yolanda Keller-Bell
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, North Carolina Central University, Durham
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Project administration, and Writing – review & editing.

Notes

Disclosure: The authors have declared that no competing financial or nonfinancial interests existed at the time of publication.
Correspondence to Xueao Cao: [email protected]
Editor-in-Chief: Celeste Domsch
Editor: Camilo Maldonado

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Article Metrics
View all metrics



Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share